| command |
description |
example |
| file |
This command shows the file type (what is the extension and which type of file is this?). |
ih@linux:~$ file /home/ih/prg/ok.c
ok.c: ASCII C program text
ih@linux~# file /dev/sda
/dev/sda: block special
|
| touch |
This command is used to create an empty file. |
ih@linux:~$ touch ok1.txt
ih@linux:~$ touch ok2.txt
ih@linux:~$ ls -l
-rw-r--r-- 1 ih ih 31 Mar 15 12:52 ok1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 ih ih 31 Mar 15 12:53 ok2.txt
|
| cat |
This command is used to display the file contents. |
ih@linux:~$ cat /home/ih/prg/ok.c
--- file contents will display here---
|
| head |
This command is used to display the first 10 lines of the file. |
ih@linux:~$ head /home/ih/prg/ok.c
--- first 10 lines will display here---
|
| tail |
This command is used to display last 10 lines of the file. |
ih@linux:~$ tail /home/ih/prg/ok.c
--- last 10 lines will display here---
|
| tac |
this command is used to display file's contents in reverse order. |
ih@linux:~$ cat /home/ih/prg/ok.c
--line 1--
--line 2--
--line 3--
--line 4--
ih@linux:~$ tac /home/ih/prg/ok.c
--line 4--
--line 3--
--line 2--
--line 1--
|
| more |
This command is used to display those file's conents which are more than one screen. Press space bar to display next screen & press "q" to quit the file. |
ih@linux:~$ more /home/ih/prg/ok.c
--line 1--
--line 2--
--line 3--
--line 4--
.
.
.
"press space bar to display next screen".
|
| rm |
this command is used to remove file(s). |
ih@linux:~$ rm /home/ih/ok.c
|
| rm -i |
To prevent accidental removal, this command asks before removal file. |
ih@linux:~$ rm -i /home/ih/ok.c
rm: remove regular file `ok.c'? yes
|
| rm -rf |
Here “r” stands for recursive, and “f” stands for force. This command is used to remove everything from the given directory. However rm does not delete the directory’s all file(s)/ directory(s). Use rm –rf to remove everything. |
ih@linux:~$ rm /home/ih
rm: cannot remove `ih': Is a directory
ih@linux:~$ rm -rf /home/ih
ih@linux:~$ ls
ls: cannot access ih: No such file or directory
|
| cp |
This command is used to copy one file. |
ih@linux:~$ cp /home/ih/ok.c okTemp.c
ih@linux:~$ ls
ok.c okTemp.c
|
| cp -i |
This command is used to prevent overwriting of existing file. |
ih@linux:~$ cp /home/ih/ok.c ok.c
cp: overwrite file ‘ok.c’: n
|
| cp -r |
This command is used to copy all files & subdirectories of the directory. |
ih@linux:~$ cp –r /home/ih /home/backup
all files and subdirectories of directory
“/home/ih” will be copied into “/home/backup”
|
| mv |
This command is used to move or rename a file. |
ih@linux:~$ ls
ok.c okTemp.c
ih@linux:~$ mv /home/ih/ok.c xyz.c
ih@linux:~$ ls
okTemp.c xyz.c
|
| mv -i |
This command is used to prevent overwriting of existing file while moving or renaming |
ih@linux:~$ ls
ok.c okTemp.c
ih@linux:~$ mv /home/ih/ok.c okTemp.c
mv: overwrite ` okTemp.c'? n
ih@linux:~$ ls
ok.c okTemp.c
|