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Linux Terminal Commands - ls command in linux
Working with ls command (listing files & directories)
ls stands for “listing”, ls command lists the files and directories. It is commonly used command in linux.
| command |
description |
| ls |
with out any options, ls displays list of files and directories in bare format. You can not get size, access options etc.
ih@linux:~$ ls
dir1 dir2 ok.txt ok1.txt
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| ls --version |
This option shows the linux ls command version.
ih@linux:~$ ls --version
ls (GNU coreutils) 8.23
Packaged by Cygwin (8.23-4)
Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later .
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Written by Richard M. Stallman and David MacKenzie.
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| ls -l |
This option displays files and directories with size, modified date and time, access permission and owner’s name.
ih@linux:~$ ls -l
total 1
drwxr-xr-x+ 1 ih None 0 Apr 4 21:03 dir1
drwxr-xr-x+ 1 ih None 0 Apr 4 21:04 dir2
-rw-r--r-- 1 ih None 128 Apr 4 01:05 ok.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 ih None 0 Apr 4 20:49 ok1.txt
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| ls -a |
This option shows the all files & directories including hidden files and directories.
ih@linux:~$ ls -a
. .bash_history .bashrc .profile dir2 ok1.txt
.. .bash_profile .inputrc dir1 ok.txt
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ls -h
ls -lh |
This option shows the all files & directories in human readable format.
ih@linux:~$ ls -h
dir1 dir2 ok.txt ok1.txt
ih@linux:~$ ls -lh
total 1.0K
drwxr-xr-x+ 1 ih None 0 Apr 4 21:03 dir1
drwxr-xr-x+ 1 ih None 0 Apr 4 21:04 dir2
-rw-r--r-- 1 ih None 128 Apr 4 01:05 ok.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 ih None 0 Apr 4 20:49 ok1.txt
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| ls -F |
This option shows the all directories with “/” character. So that you can easily understand which directory and which is file.
ih@linux:~$ ls -F
dir1/ dir2/ ok.txt ok1.txt
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| ls -r |
This option shows the list of all files and directories in reverse order.
ih@linux:~$ ls -r
ok1.txt ok.txt dir2 dir1
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| ls -R |
This option shows the list of all files and directories in tree format.
ih@linux:~$ ls -R
.:
dir1 dir2 ok.txt ok1.txt
./dir1:
f1 f2
./dir2:
f3 f4
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| ls -lt |
This option is used to display latest modified (according to date & time) files and directories in reverse order.
ih@linux:~$ ls -lt
total 1
drwxr-xr-x+ 1 Mike None 0 Apr 4 21:21 dir2
drwxr-xr-x+ 1 Mike None 0 Apr 4 21:21 dir1
-rw-r--r-- 1 Mike None 0 Apr 4 20:49 ok1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 Mike None 128 Apr 4 01:05 ok.txt
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| ls -lS |
This option shows the files and directories sorted according to size.
ih@linux:~$ ls -lS
total 1
-rw-r--r-- 1 Mike None 128 Apr 4 01:05 ok.txt
drwxr-xr-x+ 1 Mike None 0 Apr 4 21:21 dir1
drwxr-xr-x+ 1 Mike None 0 Apr 4 21:21 dir2
-rw-r--r-- 1 Mike None 0 Apr 4 20:49 ok1.txt
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| ls -i |
This option shows the files and directories with inode (indexing) number before files and directories name.
ih@linux:~$ ls -i
11258999068648575 dir1 17451448556084649 ok.txt
5910974511146142 dir2 9007199254962677 ok1.txt
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| ls -n |
This option shows files and directories with numeric UIDs, GIDs number.
ih@linux:~$ ls -n
total 1
drwxr-xr-x+ 1 197609 197121 0 Apr 4 21:21 dir1
drwxr-xr-x+ 1 197609 197121 0 Apr 4 21:21 dir2
-rw-r--r-- 1 197609 197121 128 Apr 4 01:05 ok.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 197609 197121 0 Apr 4 20:49 ok1.txt
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