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Python programming language tutorial

Python Tutorial: Python is an object-oriented, high-level, interpreted programming language with dynamic semantics. Python has a rich set of high-level in-built data structures (data types) which combined with dynamic typing and data typing. It makes Python a very popular and attractive programming language for rapid application development, scripting.

Python is simple, easy to learn, readable and Python codes are smaller than codes of other programming languages like C, C++, Java, etc. The codes and relatively less and indented which makes the code readable/editable for the programmers all the time.

In this python tutorial, we covered almost all topics starting from python basics to advanced topics like Machine learning with Python, Python Pandas, Python Data Science, this Python tutorial is specifically designed for beginners and professionals.

Python Tutorial Topics

Python Overview

1. Introduction to Python
2. Why is python so popular?
3. Virtual Environment for Python based application
4. Install pip on MacOS or OSx
5. Executing first program on Python in Different Modes
6. What does if __name__ == '__main__': do in Python?
7. What __init__ and self do in Python?
8. Python | How to upgrade all Python packages with pip?

Python Basics

1. Python Keywords
2. Python built-in keywords with examples
3. Python keywords Reference
4. Comments in Python
5. Block Comments in Python
6. How do we create multiline comments in Python?
7. How to read/process command line arguments in Python?

Python Data Types

1. Variables and Data Types in Python
2. Python Numeric Types
3. How to determine a Python variable's type?
4. Determine type of a variable

Python Input/Output

1. Python print() function
2. Input and Output Operations with Examples in Python
3. Taking multiple inputs from the user using split() method in Python
4. Fast input / output for competitive programming in Python
5. Precision handling in Python
6. Python print() function with end parameter
7. sep parameter in Python with print() function
8. file parameter in Python with print() function
9. flush parameter in Python with print() function
10. Print multiple variables in Python
11. Asking the user for integer input in Python | Limit the user to input only integer value
12. Asking the user for input until a valid response in Python
13. Input a number in hexadecimal format in Python
14. Input a number in octal format in Python
15. Input a number in binary format in Python

Python Operators

1. Python Arithmetic Operators
2. Python Identity Operators
3. Membership Operators in Python
4. Behavior of increment and decrement operators in Python
5. Logical and Bitwise NOT Operators on Boolean in Python
6. Logical Operators on String in Python
7. if else conditional operator in Python

Python Conditional Statements

1. Conditional statements (if, if...else, if...elif...else, and nested if) in Python
2. Conditional statements (if, break and continue statements) in Python

Python Control Statements

1. Loops in Python
2. Accessing the index in 'for' loops in Python
3. Looping constructs in Python
4. do while loop in Python
5. Emulate a do-while loop in Python
6. break statement in Python
7. continue statement in Python
8. Python pass statement
9. else with for/while statement
10. Replacements for switch statement in Python
11. Generators in Python
12. List Comprehension vs Generators Expression in Python

Python Functions

1. Functions in Python
2. Different ways to define and call user-defined functions
3. Function classifications on the basis of parameters and return values
4. Types of function calling with Examples
5. Types of parameters
6. Python default parameters
7. Function as data type (Explain: First class, Closure)
8. Lambda Expression/function in python
9. Lambda function with Example
10. Nested Lambda Function in Python
11. Iterating with Python Lambda
12. Lambda and map() with Example
13. Lambda and filter() with Example
14. Lambda and reduce() with Example
15. Example of function as argument
16. Example of function as return value
17. Currying function with example in Python
18. Multiple Function Arguments in Python

Python Strings

1. Python Strings and its implementation
2. String operators with examples in python
3. Python string methods with Examples (Set-1)
4. Python String Methods with Examples (Set-2)
5. f-strings in Python 3 – Formatted string literals
6. How to print to stderr in Python?
7. How do you read from stdin in Python?
8. Best way to convert string to bytes in Python3
9. What exactly do 'u' and 'r' string flags do, and what are raw string literals in Python?
10. Python string comparison

Python Modules

1. How to check version of python modules?
2. How to create Modules (Example of Modules)?
3. Python datetime Module with Examples
4. Python calendar Module with Examples
5. Random Module with Examples in the Python
6. Sys Module with Examples in Python
7. Time Module with Example in Python
8. pprint (Pretty Printer) in Python
9. Reloading modules in Python

Python Lists

1. Lists in python
2. List Operations in Python - I
3. List Operations in Python - II
4. List Comprehension in Python
5. append() and extend() in Python
6. Difference between Python's list methods append() and extend()
7. Accessing a list and its elements in Python
8. Find the number of elements in a list in Python

Python Object Oriented

1. Constructors with examples in Python
2. Class or Static variables in Python
3. Static methods in Python
4. Metaclass in Python
5. Difference between @staticmethod and @classmethod in Python
6. Are static class variables possible in Python?

Python Exception Handling

1. Exceptions handling in Python
2. User-defined Exception in Python
3. How to ignore Exceptions in Python?
4. How do you test that a Python function throws an exception?

Python Libraries and Functions

1. Python built-in functions
2. Shallow Copy Vs Deep Copy in Python
3. Python Math module methods
4. Python OS & Shutil Modules Methods

Python Packages

1. Python Packages | How to create and import them?
2. How to create Packages (Example of Packages)?

Python Arrays

1. Signed and Unsigned Integer Arrays in Python
2. Common Data Items and Methods of an Array in Python
3. Accessing elements from the array in Python
4. Adding elements to an array in Python
5. Convert an array to the list using array.tolist() in Python
6. Preferred way to retrieve the length of an array in Python
7. Dask array
   1. Dask Array in Python

Python Numpy

1. Numpy in Python
2. Numpy Array Indexing in Python
3. Numpy Array Operations in Python

Python Pandas

1. Python for data analysis – Pandas
2. Pandas DataFrame in Python
3. Conditional selection in the DataFrame | Pandas DataFrame
4. MultiIndex/Multi-level / Advance Indexing dataFrame | Pandas DataFrame
5. Python Pandas – GroupBy
6. Python Pandas – Merging, Joining and Concatenating
7. Python Pandas – Missing Data
8. Python Pandas – Data Input and Output
9. Python Pandas – Operations

Python dictionary

1. Dictionaries (Creation, Initialization, Access) in Python
2. Dictionary Methods in Python
3. Python OrderedDict
4. Python Dictionary clear() Method with Example
5. Python Dictionary copy() Method with Example
6. Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method with Example
7. Python Dictionary get() Method with Example
8. Python Dictionary items() Method with Example
9. Python Dictionary keys() Method with Example
10. Python Dictionary pop() Method with Example
11. Python Dictionary popitem() Method with Example
12. Python Dictionary setdefault() Method with Example
13. Python Dictionary update() Method with Example
14. Python Dictionary values() Method with Example
15. Python | Generate dictionary of numbers and their squares (i, i*i) from 1 to N
16. Sorting a dictionary in Ascending and Descending order by Key or Value in Python
17. Merge two dictionaries in a single expression in Python
18. How do I sort a dictionary by value in Python?
19. How to copy a dictionary and only edit the copy in Python?

Python set

1. Sets in Python
2. Python Set add() Method with Example
3. Python Set clear() Method with Example
4. Python Set copy() Method with Example
5. Python Set difference() Method with Example
6. Python Set difference_update() Method with Example
7. Python Set discard() Method with Example
8. Python Set intersection() Method with Example
9. Python Set intersection_update() Method with Example
10. Python Set isdisjoint() Method with Example
11. Python Set issubset() Method with Example
12. Python Set issuperset() Method with Example
13. Python Set pop() Method with Example
14. Python Set remove() Method with Example
15. Python Set symmetric_difference() Method with Example
16. Python Set symmetric_difference_update() Method with Example
17. Python Set union() Method with Example
18. Python Set update() Method with Example

Python Tuples

1. Tuples in Python
2. Reverse each tuple in a list of tuples in Python
3. Creating tuple without using parenthesis in Python
4. Creating a tuple with one element in Python
5. Empty tuple creation in Python
6. Clearing a tuple in Python
7. Reinitializing a tuple in Python
8. Python Tuple Exercises

Python number systems

1. Python | Binary numbers representation (assign, conversion, bitwise operations)
2. Python | Count total number of bits in a number

Python String Methods

1. Python String | len() Method with Example
2. Python String | count() Method with Example
3. Python String | strip() Method | Remove leading and trailing spaces from string
4. Python String | strip() Method | Remove leading and trailing characters from string
5. Python String | isdecimal() Method with Example
6. Python String | isnumeric() Method with Example
7. Python String | isdigit() Method with Example
8. Python | Difference between string isdecimal(), isdigit(), isnumeric() and Methods
9. Python String | isalnum() and isalpha() Methods with Examples
10. Python String | isupper() and islower() Methods with Examples
11. Python String | join() Method with Example
12. Python String | capitalize() Method with Example
13. Python String | find() Method with Example
14. Python String | format() Method with Example
15. Python | string.upper(), string.lower() and string.title() Methods with Examples
16. Python String | endswith() method with example
17. Find all the indexes of all the occurrences of a word in a string in Python
18. Why is it string.join(list) instead of list.join(string) in Python?
19. Remove trailing new line in Python
20. How do I check if a string is a number (float) in Python?
21. Extracting extension from filename in Python
22. Random string generation with upper case letters and digits in Python
23. str() vs repr() functions in Python
24. Python String formatting: % vs. .format
25. What does the 'b' character do in front of a string literal in Python?

Python list methods

1. Python List append() Method with Example
2. Python List insert() Method with Example
3. Python List clear() Method with Example
4. Python List copy() Method with Example
5. Python List count() Method with Example
6. Python List index() Method with Example
7. Python List extend() Method with Example
8. Python List pop() Method with Example
9. Python List remove() Method with Example
10. Python List reverse() Method with Example
11. Python List sort() Method with Example
12. List append() vs insert() methods in Python
13. Difference between del, remove and pop functions of a list in Python
14. How to randomly select an item from a list in Python?
15. How can I count the occurrences of a list item in Python?
16. All Python list programs...

Python File methods

1. Python File name Property with Example
2. Python File mode Property with Example
3. Python File encoding Property with Example
4. Python File closed Property with Example
5. Python File errors Property with Example
6. Python File open() Method with Example
7. Python File close() Method with Example
8. Python File read() Method with Example
9. Python File write() Method with Example
10. Python File seek() Method with Example
11. Python File flush() Method with Example
12. Python File fileno() Method with Example
13. Python File readable() Method with Example
14. Python File writable() Method with Example
15. Python File seekable() Method with Example
16. Python File isatty() Method with Example
17. Python File tell() Method with Example
18. Python File readline() Method with Example
19. Python File readlines() Method with Example
20. Python File writelines() Method with Example
21. Python File truncate() Method with Example

File handling in python

1. File Handling in Python
2. Opening, closing a file/open(), close() functions in Python
3. Printing file name, closed status and file mode in Python
4. Writing, Reading content of the file in Python
5. How to write in an existing file in Python?
6. Python | Check if a file exists or not?
7. Python | Example of FileNotFoundError
8. Python | print the file content along with the filename
9. Python | Read file from given index (Example of tell() and seek())
10. Python | Input data from the user, save to the file, read and print
11. Python | Rename an existing file (Example of os.rename() method)
12. Python | Remove an existing file (Example of os.remove() method)
13. Importing files from different folder in Python

Python WebSocket

1. What is WebSocket and how to use it in Python?
2. Basic concepts of WebSocket server in Python
3. How to implement a WebSocket server using Tornado?
4. Implementation of WebSocket using Socket-IO in Python
5. Implementation of WebSocket using Flask Socket IO in Python
6. Websocket keep alive in Python

GUI programming using Python and PyQT

1. GUI development using Python and PyQT
2. Print ‘Hello World’ using Python and PyQT (first PyQT program)
3. Print ‘Hello World’ using Python and PyQT -2 (Theory)
4. Print ‘Hello World’ using Python and PyQT -2 (Practical)
5. PyQt Event handling mechanism
6. Event Handling Examples - PyQt
7. Event Handling Examples (2)- PyQt
8. Button Function and Custom Event – PyQt
9. PyQt- Layout management - 1 (Drag and Drop with QtDesigner)

Python GUI programming using tkinter

1. GUI programming in Python using tkinter Module
2. Python | Text Area and Button in Tkinter

Python Image processing

1. Drawing flag of Thailand | Image processing in Python
2. Drawing of flag Sweden | Image processing in Python
3. Drawing flag of Japan | Image processing in Python
4. Coloured image to grayscale using OpenCV in Python
5. Find complementary image of the RGB image in Python
6. Show different planes of an RGB image in Python
7. Resize a grayscale image without using any inbuilt functions in Python
8. Resize an RGB image without using any inbuilt functions in Python
9. Convert an RGB format Image in an HSV format Image using OpenCV in Python
10. Rotate a grayscale image by 180 degree without using any inbuilt function in Python
11. Smoothen a grayscale image by performing blurring operation using user defined median blur filter
12. Smoothen the image by performing blurring operation on a grayscale image using user defined mean blur filter in Python
13. Upscaling the grayscale image in Python
14. Upscaling the RGB image in Python
15. Read an image and save it as grayscale system using OpenCV python module
16. Edge Detection of Image using OpenCV (CV2) in Python
17. Cropping an Image using OpenCV in Python
18. How to Generate and Read QR Code using Python and OpenCV?
19. Capturing mouse click events with Python and OpenCV
20. Face and Eye Detection in Python using OpenCV
21. Create a Collage of Images with the help of NumPy and Python-OpenCV(CV2)

Python Flask

1. Introduction to Web development using Flask
2. For loop in Flask template engine

Python Working with Excel

• Copy data from one excel file to another in Python

Python Misc. Topics

1. Matrix implementation in Python
2. Matrix Multiplication in Python
3. Descriptors in Python
4. How to call an external command in Python?
5. Slice Notation in Python
6. Understanding slice notation with examples in Python
7. 5 Best Python Web Scraping Libraries
8. How do I parse an ISO 8601-formatted date in Python?
9. What is the quickest way to HTTP GET in Python?
10. timeit() Function with Example in Python
11. Optimization using Greedy Algorithm in Python
12. Python | Linear Algebra
13. Python | Data Visualization
14. Perceptron algorithm and its implementation in Python
15. Scraping Links from a Webpage in Python
16. Text to speech model in Python
17. Alarm clock in Python with the help of datetime and pyttsx3
18. Sending Emails using SMTP in Python
19. Getting old tweets using Getoldtweets3 module in Python
20. Automating pdfs in Python
21. Rock Paper Scissors Game in Python
22. How to download YouTube videos in Python?

Python Keywords

Python built-in Functions

Python Math module methods

Python OS & Shutil Modules Methods

• OS Module in Python with Examples
• Creating directories and handling exceptions in Python
• Copy and replace files in Python
• Copy and rename files in Python
• Copy all files from a directory to another in Python
• Check if a file exists in Python
• Copy data from one file to another in Python
• Create a nested directory in Python
• List all files of a directory in Python
• How to get current working directory in Python?

Python operator Module Methods

• Python operator.lt() Function with Examples
• Python operator.le() Function with Examples
• Python operator.eq() Function with Examples
• Python operator.ne() Function with Examples
• Python operator.ge() Function with Examples
• Python operator.gt() Function with Examples
• Python operator.not_() Function with Examples
• Python operator.truth() Function with Examples

Python re Module Methods

• Remove all consonants from the given string by using the re module in Python

Python keyword Module Methods

• Check whether the given string is a keyword or not using keyword module

Python pyperclip Module Methods

• Copy data to clipboard in Python

Python Topic-wise MCQs

• Python NumPy MCQs
• Python Pandas MCQs
• Python SciPy MCQs

Find output of programs

1. Find output of Python programs -| Set 1 (Mixed topics)
2. Find output of Python Programs | Set 1 (Basics)
3. Find Output of Python programs | Set 2 (Basics)

Python Competitive Coding Questions

1. Python Arithmetic Sequences | Competitive Coding Questions
2. Python Power Challenge | Competitive Coding Questions
3. Python XOR and Arrays | Competitive Coding Questions
4. All Python competitive coding questions

Python programs
Showing latest posts on the top...

• Print number with commas as thousands separators in Python
• How to check multiple variables against a value in Python?
• How to print spaces in Python?
• Python program to count occurrence of a word in the given text
• Python program to check whether a variable is a string or not
• Python program to convert a list of characters into a string
• Python program to input a string and find total number of letters and digits
• Python program to input a string and find total number uppercase and lowercase letters
• Python program to remove multiple elements from a list using list comprehension
• Python program to check if a string is palindrome or not
• Python program to find sum of all digits of a number
• Remove falsy values from a list in Python
• Capitalizes the first letter of each word in a string in Python
• Convert a String to camelCase in Python
• Check all elements are unique or not in Python
• Check all elements of a list are the same or not in Python
• Python program for matrix operations
• Python program to create matrix using numpy
• Python program to create matrix in Python
• Python program to print the version information
• Python program to print the list of all keywords
• Python program to print all timezones using pytz module
• Python program to get current time
• Python program to print current hour, minute, second and microsecond
• Python program to print today's year, month and day
• Python program to get current date
• Python | How can I force division to be floating point? Division keeps rounding down to 0?
• Create a function to check EVEN or ODD in Python
• Create a function to return the absolute the given value in Python
• Setting file offsets in Python
• Copy odd lines of one file to another file in Python
• Python program to generate the QR code in Python
• Python program to check the given year is a leap year or not
• Print the reverse of a string that contains digits in Python
• Find the ASCII value of each character of the string in Python
• Find the sum of all numbers below 1000 which are multiples of 3 or 5 in Python
• Replace a special string from a given paragraph with another string in Python
• Generate random integers between 0 and 9 in Python
• Draw a pie chart that shows our daily activity in Python
• Extract the mobile number from the given string in Python

All python programs