Arithmetic Operators in C/C++

C/C++ programming Arithmetic Operators: In this tutorial, we are going to learn about the various arithmetic operators with their usages, syntaxes and examples.
Submitted by IncludeHelp, on June 02, 2020

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are the special symbols that are used for the Arithmetic / Mathematical operations. These operators can be unary and binary.

Following are the types of Arithmetic Operators,

Arithmetic unary operators
Arithmetic binary operators

Arithmetic unary operators

For the unary operations – we need only one operand. These are the operators,

Unary plus (+)
Unary minus (-)

Syntax:

+a
-a

Example:

Input:
int a = -10;
    
Operation & Output:
+a = -10
-a = 10

C++ program to demonstrate the example of arithmetic unary operators

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int a = 10;
    int b = -10;

    // printing the values
    cout << "a: " << a << endl;
    cout << "b: " << b << endl;

    // unary plus operations
    cout << "+a: " << +a << endl;
    cout << "+b: " << +b << endl;

    // unary minus operations
    cout << "-a: " << -a << endl;
    cout << "-b: " << -b << endl;

    return 0;
}

Output:

a: 10
b: -10
+a: 10
+b: -10
-a: -10
-b: 10

Arithmetic binary operators

For the binary operations – we need two operands. These are the operators,

Operator	Name	Description
+	Plus operator	Returns the addition of two operands.
-	Minus operator	Returns the subtraction of two operands.
*	Multiplication operator	Returns the multiplication (product) of two operands.
/	Divide operator	Returns the result of the division of two operands i.e. returns the quotient of the division operation.
%	Modulus operator	Returns the remainder of the division operation on two operands.

Syntax:

a + b
a - b
a * b
a / b
a % b

Example:

Input:
int a = 10;
int b = 3;
    
Operation & Output:
a + b = 13
a - b = 7
a * b = 30
a / b = 3
a % b = 1

C++ program to demonstrate the example of arithmetic binary operators

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath> // for fmod() func.
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int a = 10;
    int b = 3;

    // printing the values
    cout << "a : " << a << endl;
    cout << "b : " << b << endl;

    // arithmetic operations
    cout << "a + b : " << a + b << endl;
    cout << "a - b : " << a - b << endl;
    cout << "a * b : " << a * b << endl;
    cout << "a / b : " << a / b << endl;
    cout << "a % b : " << a % b << endl;
    cout << endl;

    float x = 10.23f;
    float y = 3.10f;

    // printing the values
    cout << "x : " << x << endl;
    cout << "y : " << y << endl;

    // arithmetic operations
    cout << "x + y : " << x + y << endl;
    cout << "x - y : " << x - y << endl;
    cout << "x * y : " << x * y << endl;
    cout << "x / y : " << x / y << endl;
    // % operator doesn't work with float values
    // use fmod() for this
    // cout << "x % y : " << x % y << endl;
    cout << "fmod(" << x << " , " << y << ") : " << fmod(x, y) << endl;

    return 0;
}

Output:

a : 10
b : 3
a + b : 13
a - b : 7
a * b : 30
a / b : 3
a % b : 1

x : 10.23
y : 3.1
x + y : 13.33
x - y : 7.13
x * y : 31.713
x / y : 3.3
fmod(10.23 , 3.1) : 0.93