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Home » Python

Python Classes and Objects

Last Updated : May 03, 2025

In Python, classes and objects are used to implement object-oriented programming. A class is a blueprint for creating objects, and an object is an instance of a class.

In this chapter, we will learn how to define classes and create objects with the help of examples.

Creating a Class in Python

To define a class in Python, use the class keyword followed by the class name and a colon. The body of the class contains attributes and methods.

Example

In this example, we create a class named Student with an attribute and a method.

# Defining a class
class Student:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def show_details(self):
        print(f"Name: {self.name}, Age: {self.age}")

Creating Objects from a Class

Once a class is defined, you can create objects (instances) of that class and access its attributes and methods.

Example

In this example, we create two Student objects and call their method.

# Creating objects
student1 = Student("Aarav", 20)
student2 = Student("Bhavya", 22)

# Calling the method
student1.show_details()
student2.show_details()

The output of the above code would be:

Name: Aarav, Age: 20
Name: Bhavya, Age: 22

Understanding the `init` Method

The __init__ method is the constructor method in Python. It is called automatically when a new object is created.

Example

In this example, the constructor initializes the values for each student.

# Class with constructor
class Student:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name
        print(f"Student {self.name} has been created.")

# Creating an object
s = Student("Charu")

The output of the above code would be:

Student Charu has been created.

Accessing Attributes and Methods

You can access attributes and methods of an object using the dot (.) operator followed by the object_name.

Example

In this example, we access and print the values of object attributes directly.

# Creating a class
class Car:
    def __init__(self, brand, model):
        self.brand = brand
        self.model = model

# Creating an object
car1 = Car("Tata", "Nexon")

# Accessing attributes
print(car1.brand)
print(car1.model)

The output of the above code would be:

Tata
Nexon

Adding Methods to a Class

Methods are functions defined inside a class that operate on instances of that class.

Example

In this example, the method display_info() prints the details of the car.

# Creating a class
class Car:
    def __init__(self, brand, model):
        self.brand = brand
        self.model = model

    def display_info(self):
        print(f"Car Brand: {self.brand}, Model: {self.model}")

# Creating an object
car2 = Car("Mahindra", "XUV700")

# Calling the method
car2.display_info()

The output of the above code would be:

Car Brand: Mahindra, Model: XUV700