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Boundary Layer Flow MCQs - Fluid Mechanics
Boundary Layer Flow MCQs - Fluid Mechanics: This section contains the multiple-choice questions and answers on the fluid mechanics chapter Boundary Layer Flow. practice these MCQs to learn and enhance the knowledge of Boundary Layer Flow.
List of Fluid Mechanics - Boundary Layer Flow MCQs
1. What is the boundary layer in fluid mechanics?
- The region near the center of a pipe
- The layer where velocity gradients are significant
- The outermost layer of a fluid
- The region near the free surface of a liquid
Answer: B) The layer where velocity gradients are significant
Explanation:
The boundary layer is the region adjacent to a solid surface where the velocity of the fluid varies from zero at the surface to the free-stream velocity.
2. As the Reynolds number increases for flow over a flat plate, the laminar boundary layer thickness:
- Remains constant
- Increases
- Decreases
- Reaches infinity
Answer: B) Increases
Explanation:
The laminar boundary layer thickness increases with an increasing Reynolds number.
3. What characterizes a turbulent boundary layer?
- Low Reynolds number and laminar flow
- High Reynolds number and smooth flow
- Chaotic fluctuations and mixing in the flow
- Steady and uniform flow near the surface
Answer: C) Chaotic fluctuations and mixing in the flow
Explanation:
Turbulent boundary layers are characterized by chaotic fluctuations in velocity and extensive mixing in the flow.
4. Which of the following describes the thickness of the laminar sublayer?
- It is very thin, close to the wall
- It is only present in turbulent boundary layers
- It is thick and extends far from the wall
- It is the same as the overall boundary layer thickness
Answer: A) It is very thin, close to the wall.
Explanation:
The laminar sublayer is a very thin layer close to the wall in a boundary layer flow.
5. What is the boundary layer thickness defined as?
- The distance from the surface to where the velocity reaches 99% of the free-stream velocity
- The distance from the surface to where the pressure gradient becomes zero
- The distance from the surface to where the velocity becomes zero
- The distance from the surface to the centerline of the velocity profile
Answer: A) The distance from the surface to where the velocity reaches 99% of the free-stream velocity.
Explanation:
Boundary layer thickness is often defined as the distance from the surface to the point where the velocity reaches 99% of the free-stream velocity.
6. How is displacement thickness typically calculated in a boundary layer analysis?
- Integrating the velocity profile
- Using the Blasius equation
- Measuring it directly using a probe
- Estimating it based on the pressure gradient
Answer: A) Integrating the velocity profile
Explanation:
Displacement thickness is typically calculated by integrating the velocity profile across the boundary layer.
7. What is the significance of the displacement thickness in aerodynamics?
- It affects the pressure distribution on a surface
- It determines the local skin friction coefficient
- It is related to the boundary layer separation point
- It measures the temperature gradient within the boundary layer
Answer: A) It affects the pressure distribution on a surface
Explanation:
The displacement thickness affects the pressure distribution on a surface by altering the effective shape of the body immersed in the fluid
8. How is the momentum thickness typically quantified in boundary layer analysis?
- As the ratio of the boundary layer thickness to the distance from the wall
- As the integral of the product of velocity and distance from the wall across the boundary layer
- As the difference between the thickness at the wall and the thickness at the free stream
- As the average velocity gradient within the boundary layer
Answer: B) As the integral of the product of velocity and distance from the wall across the boundary layer
Explanation:
The momentum thickness is usually quantified by integrating the product of velocity and distance from the wall across the boundary layer.
9. What is the primary significance of the energy thickness in boundary layer analysis?
- It governs the thickness of the laminar sublayer
- It quantifies the rate of heat transfer within the boundary layer
- It provides insight into the total kinetic energy contained within the boundary layer
- It determines the boundary layer separation point
Answer: C) It provides insight into the total kinetic energy contained within the boundary layer.
Explanation:
The energy thickness is a measure of the total kinetic energy contained within the boundary layer, providing valuable information about the flow's energy distribution.
10. What is the primary factor that contributes to the drag force on a flat plate due to the boundary layer?
- Plate thickness
- Shear stress in the boundary layer
- Surface roughness of the plate
- Pressure difference across the plate
Answer: B) Shear stress in the boundary layer
Explanation:
The drag force on a flat plate is primarily caused by the shear stress exerted by the fluid in the boundary layer.
11. Which parameter is used to characterize the roughness of a surface in a turbulent boundary layer?
- Skin friction coefficient
- Reynolds number
- Boundary layer thickness
- Roughness height and density
Answer: D) Roughness height and density
Explanation:
The roughness of a surface in a turbulent boundary layer is characterized by the roughness height (e.g., height of surface irregularities) and density (e.g., distribution of roughness elements). These parameters influence the skin friction and boundary layer behavior.
12. What is the consequence of a strong adverse pressure gradient in boundary layer flow?
- Decreased drag
- Delayed separation
- Reduced boundary layer thickness
- Early boundary layer separation
Answer: D) Early boundary layer separation
Explanation:
A strong adverse pressure gradient often leads to early boundary layer separation, increasing drag.
13. What is the purpose of turbulators in preventing boundary layer separation?
- To increase surface roughness
- To decrease the Reynolds number
- To generate turbulence in the free stream
- To energize the boundary layer and delay separation
Answer: D) To energize the boundary layer and delay separation
Explanation:
Turbulators are designed to energize the boundary layer and delay separation, typically by creating controlled disturbances in the flow