NCERT Class 11 History Chapter 2 MCQs on An empire across three continents

1. Which historical empire spanned across three continents?

1. Ottoman Empire
2. Roman Empire
3. Persian Empire
4. Mongol Empire

Answer: A) Ottoman Empire

Explanation:

The Ottoman Empire, centered in Anatolia, extended its influence across Asia, Europe, and Africa at its height.

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2. The Ottoman Empire controlled significant parts of which European continent?

1. Asia
2. Africa
3. Europe
4. Australia

Answer: C) Europe

Explanation:

The Ottoman Empire controlled parts of Southeast Europe, including the Balkans and parts of Eastern Europe.

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3. During which period did the Ottoman Empire reach its peak, controlling vast territories across three continents?

1. Middle Ages
2. Renaissance
3. Classical Era
4. Early Modern Period

Answer: D) Early Modern Period

Explanation:

The Ottoman Empire reached its peak during the Early Modern Period, particularly in the 16th and 17th centuries.

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4. Which city served as the capital of the Ottoman Empire for centuries?

1. Cairo
2. Istanbul
3. Athens
4. Baghdad

Answer: B) Istanbul

Explanation:

Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) was the capital of the Ottoman Empire.

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5. The Ottoman Empire’s expansion into Africa included territories in:

1. West Africa
2. North Africa
3. East Africa
4. South Africa

Answer: B) North Africa

Explanation:

The Ottoman Empire expanded into North Africa, controlling regions such as Egypt and parts of the Maghreb.

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6. Which European power posed a significant challenge to the Ottoman Empire's expansion in Europe during the 17th century?

1. Spain
2. England
3. France
4. Habsburg Monarchy

Answer: D) Habsburg Monarchy

Explanation:

The Habsburg Monarchy, particularly during the Habsburg-Ottoman Wars, challenged the Ottoman Empire's expansion in Europe.

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7. The Ottoman Empire's conquest of Constantinople in 1453 was led by which ruler?

1. Mehmed II
2. Osman I
3. Selim I
4. Suleiman the Magnificent

Answer: A) Mehmed II

Explanation:

Mehmed II, also known as Mehmed the Conqueror, led the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople.

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8. The Ottoman Empire's military elite, known for their exceptional skills, were called:

1. Janissaries
2. Mamluks
3. Sipahis
4. Ghazis

Answer: A) Janissaries

Explanation:

Janissaries were the elite infantry units of the Ottoman military.

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9. The Ottoman Empire's rule in the Arab world included the famous province of:

1. Algeria
2. Iraq
3. Syria
4. Yemen

Answer: C) Syria

Explanation:

Syria was a significant province under Ottoman rule, including major cities like Damascus.

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10. Which major event marked the official end of the Ottoman Empire after World War I?

1. Treaty of Sèvres
2. Treaty of Berlin
3. Treaty of Versailles
4. Treaty of Adrianople

Answer: A) Treaty of Sèvres

Explanation:

The Treaty of Sèvres, signed in 1920, marked the official end of the Ottoman Empire after World War I.

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11. Which strait served as a crucial maritime passage controlled by the Ottoman Empire, connecting the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea?

1. Bosporus
2. Gibraltar
3. Dardanelles
4. Suez

Answer: C) Dardanelles

Explanation:

The Ottoman Empire controlled the Dardanelles, a strategic strait linking the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara.

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12. The Ottomans' defeat at the Battle of Vienna in 1683 marked a turning point, halting their expansion into:

1. Eastern Europe
2. Western Europe
3. Central Asia
4. North Africa

Answer: B) Western Europe

Explanation:

The Battle of Vienna halted the Ottoman Empire's westward expansion into Central Europe.

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13. The Ottoman administrative system that granted local rulers a degree of autonomy in exchange for loyalty and taxes was known as:

1. Millet System
2. Devshirme System
3. Janissary System
4. Tanzimat System

Answer: A) Millet System

Explanation:

The Millet System allowed local religious communities to govern themselves under Ottoman rule.

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14. The Ottoman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent under the reign of:

1. Selim I
2. Suleiman the Magnificent
3. Mehmed II
4. Osman I

Answer: B) Suleiman the Magnificent

Explanation:

Suleiman's reign in the 16th century saw the Ottoman Empire at its territorial peak.

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15. The Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699 marked the end of Ottoman control over large parts of:

1. North Africa
2. Central Europe
3. Anatolia
4. The Balkans

Answer: D) The Balkans

Explanation:

The Treaty of Karlowitz resulted in significant territorial losses for the Ottoman Empire in the Balkan region.

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16. The Ottoman Empire's expansion into Africa included control over the region of:

1. Maghreb
2. Horn of Africa
3. Sub-Saharan Africa
4. Nile Delta

Answer: A) Maghreb

Explanation:

The Ottoman Empire extended its influence into the Maghreb region in North Africa.

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17. The Ottoman Empire's navy played a crucial role in which significant naval battle against the Holy League in 1571?

1. Battle of Lepanto
2. Battle of Actium
3. Battle of Trafalgar
4. Battle of Salamis

Answer: A) Battle of Lepanto

Explanation:

The Battle of Lepanto was a naval engagement where the Ottoman navy faced the Holy League.

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18. Which Ottoman ruler implemented the Tanzimat reforms in the mid-19th century, aiming for modernization and European-style institutions?

1. Selim III
2. Mahmud II
3. Abdul Hamid II
4. Suleiman II

Answer: B) Mahmud II

Explanation:

Mahmud II implemented the Tanzimat reforms to modernize the Ottoman state.

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19. The Ottoman Empire's control over the Indian Ocean trade was challenged by the rising power of:

1. Portugal
2. Spain
3. England
4. Dutch Republic

Answer: A) Portugal

Explanation:

Portugal, during the Age of Exploration, challenged Ottoman dominance in the Indian Ocean.

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20. The end of the Ottoman Empire was formalized with the signing of the Treaty of:

1. Sevres
2. Versailles
3. Karlowitz
4. Lausanne

Answer: D) Lausanne

Explanation:

The Treaty of Lausanne in 1923 marked the formal end of the Ottoman Empire.

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21. The Ottoman Empire's expansion into Europe was temporarily halted after their defeat in which decisive battle in 1389?

1. Battle of Mohacs
2. Battle of Kosovo
3. Battle of Gallipoli
4. Siege of Vienna

Answer: B) Battle of Kosovo

Explanation:

The Battle of Kosovo in 1389 marked a temporary halt to the Ottoman expansion into Europe.

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22. The Ottoman Sultan who undertook extensive legal reforms, known as the Tanzimat, to modernize the empire was:

1. Selim I
2. Mahmud II
3. Suleiman the Magnificent
4. Mehmed II

Answer: B) Mahmud II

Explanation:

Mahmud II implemented the Tanzimat reforms in the mid-19th century.

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23. Which empire did the Ottoman Empire replace as a major power in the Middle East and Southeast Europe during the 14th and 15th centuries?

1. Byzantine Empire
2. Persian Empire
3. Mughal Empire
4. Abbasid Caliphate

Answer: A) Byzantine Empire

Explanation:

The Ottoman Empire replaced the Byzantine Empire as a dominant power in the region.

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24. The Ottoman Empire's strategic control over the Bosporus and Dardanelles allowed them to regulate access to which important sea?

1. Mediterranean Sea
2. Black Sea
3. Red Sea
4. Adriatic Sea

Answer: B) Black Sea

Explanation:

The Bosporus and Dardanelles controlled access to the Black Sea.

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25. The Ottoman Empire's control over Jerusalem and Mecca brought them influence over the religious affairs of which two major monotheistic religions?

1. Christianity and Zoroastrianism
2. Islam and Judaism
3. Hinduism and Buddhism
4. Christianity and Islam

Answer: B) Islam and Judaism

Explanation:

Control over Jerusalem and Mecca gave the Ottomans influence over Islam and Judaism.

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26. The Ottoman Empire's cultural and artistic zenith, often referred to as the ‘Golden Age' occurred during the reign of which sultan?

1. Selim I
2. Suleiman the Magnificent
3. Mehmed II
4. Abdul Hamid II

Answer: B) Suleiman the Magnificent

Explanation:

Suleiman's reign is considered the "Golden Age" of the Ottoman Empire, marked by cultural flourishing.

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27. The Ottomans gained control over the holy cities of Mecca and Medina during the reign of which early Ottoman ruler?

1. Osman I
2. Mehmed II
3. Selim I
4. Bayezid I

Answer: C) Selim I

Explanation:

Selim I, also known as Selim the Grim captured Mecca and Medina in the early 16th century.

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28. The Ottoman military institution that recruited non-Muslim boys, converted them to Islam, and trained them as elite soldiers was called:

1. Janissaries
2. Ghazis
3. Sipahis
4. Mamluks

Answer: A) Janissaries

Explanation:

Janissaries were a unique and elite infantry unit of the Ottoman military.

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29. The Ottoman Empire's rivalry with the Safavid Empire was characterized by a primarily religious divide between:

1. Sunni and Shia Islam
2. Christianity and Islam
3. Islam and Buddhism
4. Orthodox and Catholic Christianity

Answer: A) Sunni and Shia Islam

Explanation:

The Ottoman-Safavid rivalry was rooted in the Sunni-Shia divide within Islam.

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30. Which European power challenged the Ottoman Empire's control of the eastern Mediterranean during the 16th century?

1. England
2. Spain
3. Venice
4. France

Answer: C) Venice

Explanation:

Venice was a significant naval power challenging Ottoman dominance in the Mediterranean.

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31. The Ottoman Empire's systematic collection of taxes and its administrative structure was influenced by which Islamic legal and ethical code?

1. Sharia
2. Fatwa
3. Ijma
4. Hadith

Answer: A) Sharia

Explanation:

The Ottoman administrative system was influenced by Sharia, the Islamic legal and ethical code.

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32. The Ottoman Empire's economic prosperity was significantly tied to trade routes, including the famous Silk Road. Which city became a major hub for this trade?

1. Cairo
2. Baghdad
3. Istanbul
4. Samarkand

Answer: C) Istanbul

Explanation:

Istanbul, strategically located between Europe and Asia, became a major hub for trade routes.

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33. The construction of the iconic Topkapi Palace in Istanbul is associated with which Ottoman ruler?

1. Selim I
2. Mehmed II
3. Suleiman the Magnificent
4. Abdul Hamid II

Answer: B) Mehmed II

Explanation:

Mehmed II, also known as Mehmed the Conqueror, oversaw the construction of Topkapi Palace.

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34. The Ottoman military campaign to control the holy cities of Mecca and Medina was led by:

1. Suleiman the Magnificent
2. Selim I
3. Osman I
4. Bayezid I

Answer: B) Selim I

Explanation:

Selim I led the Ottoman campaign to capture Mecca and Medina.

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35. The Ottomans employed a unique system for organizing different religious and ethnic communities within the empire, known as:

1. Devshirme
2. Millet System
3. Tanzimat
4. Janissary System

Answer: B) Millet System

Explanation:

The Millet System organized religious and ethnic communities, allowing them some autonomy.

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36. The Ottoman Empire's navy, known for its prowess, was significantly defeated in the Battle of Lepanto in 1571. Who was the Ottoman navy facing in this battle?

1. Spanish Empire
2. British Empire
3. Portuguese Empire
4. Holy League

Answer: D) Holy League

Explanation:

The Ottoman Navy faced the Holy League, a coalition of European Catholic maritime states.

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37. The Ottomans exerted influence over the Crimean Khanate through a system of:

1. Vassalage
2. Millet System
3. Devshirme
4. Tribute

Answer: A) Vassalage

Explanation:

The Crimean Khanate was often a vassal state under Ottoman influence.

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38. The Safavid-Ottoman rivalry was also known as the:

1. Persian Wars
2. Ottoman-Safavid War
3. Battle of Empires
4. Sunni-Shia Conflict

Answer: B) Ottoman-Safavid War

Explanation:

The rivalry between the Safavid and Ottoman empires was often referred to as the Ottoman-Safavid War.

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39. The architectural masterpiece, the Blue Mosque (Sultan Ahmed Mosque), was commissioned by which Ottoman Sultan?

1. Selim I
2. Suleiman the Magnificent
3. Mehmed II
4. Ahmed I

Answer: D) Ahmed I

Explanation:

The Blue Mosque was commissioned by Sultan Ahmed I in the early 17th century.

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40. The Ottomans were pushed out of Hungary after their defeat in which decisive battle in 1687?

1. Battle of Lepanto
2. Battle of Vienna
3. Battle of Mohacs
4. Battle of Gallipoli

Answer: B) Battle of Vienna

Explanation:

The Battle of Vienna in 1683 resulted in the Ottoman retreat from Hungary.

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41. The Ottoman Empire's influence in North Africa extended to the region of:

1. Morocco
2. Egypt
3. Algeria
4. Sudan

Answer: C) Algeria

Explanation:

The Ottoman Empire had influence in the region of Algeria in North Africa.

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42. The Ottoman practice of recruiting Christian boys, converting them to Islam, and training them for administrative and military roles was known as:

1. Millet System
2. Devshirme
3. Janissary System
4. Tanzimat

Answer: B) Devshirme

Explanation:

The Devshirme system involved the recruitment and conversion of Christian boys for various roles in the Ottoman Empire.

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43. The Ottoman Empire's capital, Istanbul, was previously known by which name during the Byzantine period?

1. Athens
2. Constantinople
3. Rome
4. Alexandria

Answer: B) Constantinople

Explanation:

Istanbul was formerly known as Constantinople during the Byzantine period.

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44. The Ottomans faced a significant defeat at the hands of the Safavids in the Battle of Chaldiran in:

1. 1402
2. 1453
3. 1514
4. 1683

Answer: C) 1514

Explanation:

The Battle of Chaldiran occurred in 1514 and resulted in a Safavid victory.

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45. The decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 17th century is often attributed to internal strife and the rise of which military corps?

1. Sipahis
2. Ghazis
3. Janissaries
4. Mamluks

Answer: C) Janissaries

Explanation:

The Janissaries played a role in the internal strife contributing to the decline of the Ottoman Empire.

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46. The Ottoman Empire's control over the trade routes connecting Asia and Europe included the famous trade route known as the:

1. Silk Road
2. Spice Route
3. Incense Trail
4. Amber Road

Answer: A) Silk Road

Explanation:

The Ottoman Empire controlled parts of the Silk Road, facilitating trade between Asia and Europe.

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47. The Ottoman Empire's administrative system was organized into provinces known as:

1. Emirates
2. Vilayets
3. Satrapies
4. Shires

Answer: B) Vilayets

Explanation:

The Ottoman administrative divisions were known as vilayets.

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48. The Ottoman ruler known for his military achievements and the capture of Constantinople in 1453 was:

1. Mehmed II
2. Suleiman the Magnificent
3. Selim I
4. Osman I

Answer: A) Mehmed II

Explanation:

Mehmed II, also known as Mehmed the Conqueror, captured Constantinople in 1453.

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49. The Ottoman Empire's involvement in World War I on the side of the Central Powers led to its partition by the:

1. Treaty of Severs
2. Treaty of Lausanne
3. Treaty of Versailles
4. Treaty of Trianon

Answer: A) Treaty of Severs

Explanation:

The Treaty of Sèvres outlined the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire after World War I.

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50. The Ottoman Empire's cultural and scientific advancements during the Renaissance period are associated with the court of:

1. Suleiman the Magnificent
2. Selim I
3. Mehmed II
4. Abdul Hamid II

Answer: A) Suleiman the Magnificent

Explanation:

The cultural and scientific advancements are associated with the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent.

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